SFD高压带式深度脱水技术在有机改性剂条件下提升污泥集中干化焚烧效率的典型案例
陈良才 张伟文 潘涛
(上海凌逍环保科技有限公司,上海 200000)
摘要: 高压带式深度脱水技术作为一种高效且经济的机械脱水方法,近年来在污泥的深度脱水减量中得到了广泛应用。SFD立式高压带式深度脱水技术以含水率80%污泥为直接处理对象,可根据后续处理处置环节(如干化、焚烧、好氧发酵等)的需求,采用针对性的污泥改性路线实现不同的污泥含水率目标,适用于大规模污泥集中处置项目。典型大规模污泥集中处置案例表明,在投加中性有机改性剂、不改变污泥性质的条件下(即不改变污泥的pH,过程中不增加硫酸根和氯离子),将SFD立式高压带式深度脱水技术作为干化-焚烧系统的预处理,提升污泥低位热值后再进行干化-焚烧处理,不仅有助于实现整体系统的热平衡、有效降低干化系统规模,还可以在一定程度上提高污泥干化系统的运行效率及稳定性,从而降低项目的整体投资和运行费用。
关键词:SFD立式高压带式脱水机;深度脱水;有机改性剂;干化焚烧
Typical Case of SFD High-pressure Belt Deep Dewatering Technology in the Presence of Organic Modifier Enhancing the Efficiency of Concentrated Drying and Incineration of Sludge
Liangcai Chen Weiwen Zhang Tao Pan
(Shanghai Lingxiao Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai 200000)
Abstract:High-pressure belt deep dewatering technology has emerged as an efficient and economical mechanical method for sludge dewatering in recent years. Specifically, the SFD vertical high-pressure belt deep dehydration technology targets sludge with an initial moisture content of 80%. This technology can be tailored to meet the requirements of subsequent treatment and disposal stages, such as drying, incineration, and aerobic fermentation, by employing targeted sludge modification routes to achieve various moisture content targets. This adaptability makes it particularly suitable for large-scale centralized sludge disposal projects. Notable cases of large-scale centralized sludge disposal demonstrate that when combined with the addition of a neutral organic modifier and without altering the sludge properties (i.e., maintaining sludge pH and preventing an increase in sulfate and chloride ions during the process), the SFD vertical high-pressure belt deep dewatering technology serves as an effective pretreatment step for the dry-incineration system. This pretreatment enhances the low calorific value of the sludge before dry incorporation, contributing to the thermal balance of the overall system and effectively reducing the scale of the drying system. Furthermore, it improves the operating efficiency and stability of the sludge drying system, ultimately leading to a reduction in the overall investment and operating costs of the project.
Key words:SFD vertical high-pressure belt dehydrator; deep dewatering; organic modifier; dry incineration
据《2021年城乡建设统计年鉴》统计,截至2021年年末,我国城市建成污水处理厂2827座,处理能力20767.22万立方米/日,产生含水率80%的污泥约6000万吨(产泥量按污水量的0.5~1‰计),预计2025年我国污泥年产量将突破9000万吨。近年来,为推进实现污泥处理处置节能降碳,在确保污泥稳定化、无害化处置的前提下,逐步缩减污泥填埋的规模,积极采用资源化利用等替代处理方案。具体实践中,可利用垃圾焚烧厂、火力发电厂、水泥窑等现有设施的处理能力,协同进行污泥焚烧处置,当污泥单独进行焚烧时,鼓励采用干化与焚烧联用的方式,并引入高效节能设备及余热利用技术,以提升污泥热能的利用效率[1]。
鉴于污泥处置以焚烧作为主要的方向,且我国存量污水处理厂污泥脱水后含水率基本以80%为主,污泥有机质含量总体偏低,即热值偏低,直接进行污泥焚烧会增加污泥焚烧过程的运行成本,因此需对存量市场污泥作进一步减量,提高其燃烧热值,实现降本增效。
污泥减量主要包括机械脱水和干化两种方式,高压带式脱水与传统带式脱水机原理相同,通过双层滤带夹带污泥滤饼在压榨辊表面形成径向压力和切向剪切力,对污泥滤饼实施二维作用力下的脱水,一般有效压榨时间小于90s,属于高效、经济的污泥机械脱水技术[2]。干化则是通过输入热能将液态水转化为气态水,以达到更好的减量效果。然而干化工艺工程投资和运行费用均较高,为在提高污泥减量率的同时降低投资及运行费用,将投资较低的机械深度脱水工艺和减量效果更好的干化工艺组合使用,通过深度脱水提高污泥(低位)热值,从而实现脱水-干化-焚烧的能量平衡,是国内污泥减量工艺的重要发展方向之一[3]。
高压带式深度脱水很好的保持了机械脱水污泥减量的技术优势,例如某污泥从80%含水率降低至50%-70%,其减量率可以达到30%-60%,减量效果显著。但在过往的高压带式深度脱水处理过程中,需添加无机改性剂(聚合硫酸铁、聚合氯化铝、氯化铁等)对污泥进行调理,使其在污泥焚烧处置的路径中增加了硫酸根、氯离子等物质,增加了碱液的投加量和污泥焚烧中脱硫的处置成本。上海凌逍环保科技有限公司自主研发的有机改性剂能够有效替代传统的无机改性剂,即保留了污泥深度减量的优势,也避免了硫酸根、氯离子、酸性物质等,提升整个脱水-干化-焚烧的效率的同时,实现整个污泥处理处置的降本增效。