纯膜MBBR工艺在国内外的工程应用
周家中,吴迪,郑临奥
(青岛思普润水处理股份有限公司,山东 青岛266555)
摘要:纯膜MBBR工艺系统不设二沉池,无污泥回流,以附着态形式存在的悬浮载体生物膜完成污染物的去除,生物膜在流化的作用下实现动态更新,无需反冲洗,具备抗低温性能强,处理负荷高,停留时间短,可灵活应用于污水厂生化段,从而获得优良的出水水质。总结了纯膜工艺污染物的去除特性,描述了该工艺脱碳、硝化和反硝化过程。介绍了国外Lillehammer、Gardermoen、Sjolunda、Phillips Petroleum Borger、TAU污水厂纯膜MBBR的设计和应用情况。回顾了国内纯膜MBBR工艺在微污染水、工业废水、市政污水、高氨氮废水的应用情况。实践应用表明,纯膜MBBR工艺结合更加紧凑的深度处理工艺,最大可节约80%的占地,具有去除负荷高,工艺流程短,占地省,投资低,运行简便等优势,适用于污水厂新建以及扩容提标,具有极大的发展空间和广泛的应用前景。
关键词:移动床生物膜反应器,悬浮载体,生物膜,纯膜MBBR,微污染水,厌氧氨氧化,应急,占地受限
中国图书分类号:TU992 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4602(2020)16
Engineering Application of Pure MBBR Process at Home and Abroad
ZHOU Jia-zhong, WU Di*,ZHENG Lin-ao
(Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266555, China)
Abstract:There is no secondary sedimentation tank and sludge return in the pure MBBR process system, the pollutants can be removed effectively by biofilm which attached in the suspended carriers. The biofilm can be dynamically renewed by fluidization without backwashing. The pure MBBR process has excellent advantages, such as low temperature resistance, high removal loading, short residence time. It can be flexibly applied to the biochemical section of WWTP, so as to obtain excellent effluent quality. The characteristics of removal pollutants in pure MBBR process are summarized and the decarbonization, nitrification and denitrification processes are described. The design and application of pure MBBR process in Lillehammer WWTP, Gardermoen WWTP, Sjolunda WWTP, Phillips Petroleum Borger WWTP, and TAU WWTP which are located in abroad are introduced. The application of pure MBBR process in micro polluted water, industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater and high ammonia nitrogen wastewater in China are reviewed. Practical application shows that combined with a more compact advanced treatment process, the pure MBBR process occupies can save up to 80% of the land occupation compared with the conventional process. The pure MBBR process has the advantages of high removal loading, short process flow, low land occupation, low investment and simple operation. It is suitable for new construction and expansion and upgradation of WWTP, and has more development space and more extensive application prospects.
Key words: MBBR,Suspended carrier,Biofilm,Pure MBBR,Micro-polluted water,Anammox,Emergency, Limited occupancy area
移动床生物膜反应器(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, MBBR)起源于20世纪80年代末的挪威,是一种新型的生物段强化处理技术。工艺基于生物膜机理,通过向反应器中投加悬浮载体提高了系统生物量,丰富了微生物种群结构,从而实现了污染物的高效去除。1991年,首个以MBBR为概念的专利成功申请,同年第一座应用MBBR工艺的污水处理厂Lardal WWTP在挪威顺利投入使用[1],掀开了MBBR工艺全球推广的序幕。MBBR工艺于2000年初引入国内,开展了一系列工艺研究及小规模的工程实践,但受限于工程经验不足,工艺落地推广受阻。2008年,国内首个大型MBBR项目在无锡芦村污水厂成功实施[2],标志着悬浮载体流化与拦截等工程难题得以解决。在此后的10余年间,MBBR工艺逐步发展并成为了污水厂新建和升级改造的主流工艺。目前,国内应用MBBR工艺的市政污水处理厂数量在250座以上,总规模超过1500×104m3/d,同时在工业废水处理、给水预处理、河道水净化、农村点源治理等领域有着大量应用。MBBR工艺分为泥膜复合MBBR工艺和纯膜MBBR工艺两种形式[3]。在我国城镇污水厂提标改造政策实施的大背景下,泥膜复合MBBR工艺以其与原工艺紧密结合、原池改造无需新增用地等方面的优势,得到了广泛应用;而纯膜MBBR工艺的大规模应用尚处于起步阶段。
1纯膜工艺及污染物去除特性
1.1 纯膜MBBR工艺简介
泥膜复合MBBR工艺中,微生物同时以悬浮态活性污泥和附着态悬浮载体生物膜形式存在、两者协同完成对污染物的去除。而纯膜MBBR工艺不富集活性污泥,污染物的去除全部依赖于附着态生物膜,系统不设置污泥回流,如图1所示。微生物存在形式上,纯膜MBBR工艺更接近曝气生物滤池(BAF)工艺,但进水不受有机物和SS浓度影响,生物膜在流化的作用下实现动态更新,无需反冲洗,停留时间不受滤速限制。功能区域布置上,纯膜MBBR工艺可应用于好氧和缺氧系统。好氧、缺氧纯膜MBBR工艺,既可独立使用,分别用于强化硝化和反硝化,也可以联合使用,形成A/O、A/O/A/O工艺,用于污水脱氮。