范雪美,黄辉,黄毅,杨金运
(广州市设计院集团有限公司,广州 510620)
摘 要:根据负压排水收集系统的收集形式与技术特点,结合广州市石楼镇沿河村居的生活污水工程实例进行分析,提出地形复杂、建筑密集、巷道狭窄的沿河村居生活污水治理新思路。对负压污水收集系统的负压站、负压收集器、负压收集管网、管材、智能化控制等进行针对性设计,并从正压和负压两种污水收集系统的建设难易度、运行维护及综合经济效益等方面进行综合对比分析。结果表明,负压污水收集系统在解决南方典型沿河村居污水收集困难的问题具有较强优势,供类似工程参考。
关键词:沿河村居;农村生活污水;正压污水收集系统;负压污水收集系统
中图分类号:TU991 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4602(XXXX)XX
Risk Design of domestic drainage collection and treatment system for villages along the river
Fan Xuemei, Huang Hui, Huang Yi, Yang Jinyun
(GuangZhou Design Institute Group Co.Ltd,Guangzhou 510620, China )
Abstract:Based on the analysis of the practical engineering case of sewage collection system in the Shilou Town in Guangzhou and the applicable conditions and technical characteristics of the negative pressure drainage collection system , this paper proposes a new idea of rural domestic sewage treatment for the riverside village with complex terrain, dense buildings and narrow streets.The comprehensive comparative analysis on the construction difficulty, operation and maintenance, and comprehensive economic benefits is conducted for the positive pressure drainage collection system and the negative pressure one. The results show that the negative pressure drainage collection system has conspicuous technical advantages in solving the following difficulties in drainage collection in typical southern riverside villages and towns. The items have been targeted in the design in our practical engineering case of` sewage collection system in the Shilou Town, such as the negative pressure station, negative pressure collector, collection pipe network and pipe materials, and intelligent control of the negative pressure drainage collection system, which would provide a promising technical way for similar engineering projects.
Key words:riverside village;rural domestic drainage ;positive pressure drainage collection system;negative pressure drainage collection system
为深入践行习近平生态文明思想,贯彻落实党中央、国务院关于全面推进乡村振兴战略重要部署,广州市根据《关于贯彻 “百县千镇万村高质量发展工程”高水平推动农村生活污水治理的工作方案》(粤办函〔2023〕70 号)文件精神,高水平推动全市农村生活污水治理工作,建设宜居宜业和美乡村。为落实治水责任,2024年广州市第1号总河长令要求广州各区总河长、副总河长要坚定扛起第一责任人的职责,深刻认识农村生活污水治理对深入打好农业农村污染治理攻坚战的重要意义,因地制宜、分类施策,科学制定技术可行、经济合理的治理方案,推动全市农村生活污水治理显实效、出示范。
19世纪荷兰工程师提出负压排水系统,负压排水系统通过真空设备使排水管道内产生一定真空度,利用气压差输送污水,具有管径小、埋深浅、构筑物少、铺设灵活、不易淤堵和渗漏等优点,克服了重力的限制[1]。我国近年来该技术逐渐趋于成熟,大型建筑、城镇升级改造均引入了负压排水系统,行业也发布了 CECS 316—2012《室外真空排水系统工程技术规程》[2]、RISN-TG034—2018《污水源分离排水系统工程技术导则》[3]等技术标准。部分农村地区也将负压排水系统技术用于解决地形复杂、建筑密集、街道狭窄等带来的污水收集盲区问题,如:苏州市吴中区甪直镇甫南村项目[1]、天津市宁河区冯家台村项目[4]、邯郸永年县南界河店村项目[5],为农村排水系统的建设开辟了新路径,但仍未解决沿河村居的污水难收集问题。本文以广州市番禺区石楼镇江鸥村巩固提升工程为例,因地制宜提出沿河村居的负压排水系统治理方案,供沿河村居的农村生活污水治理提供参考。