李容基，聂正鑫，曹 羡，李先宁
（东南大学 能源与环境学院）
不同固体缓释碳源对低碳氮比污水脱氮效果的影响
李容基1 ， 聂正鑫2 ， 曹 羡1 ， 李先宁1
（1. 东南大学 能源与环境学院，江苏 南京 210096；2. 江苏环保产业技术研究院股份
公司，江苏 南京 210096）
摘 要： 为改善污水低碳氮比（C/N）导致的可生化性差问题，研究了聚乳酸（PLA）颗粒、玉米
芯和碱处理玉米芯作为固体缓释碳源的释碳能力和反硝化效果。3种碳源的平均COD释放率分别
为 0.22、1.18和 1.40 mg/（g·d），对硝态氮的去除率分别可达到 37.0%、74.4%和 88.4%。三维荧光光
谱分析表明，玉米芯和碱处理玉米芯在280~360 nm处有两个明显的荧光峰，且碱处理组的荧光强度
更高，说明碱处理玉米芯的有机物释放能力更强。扫描电镜结果显示，碱处理玉米芯的表面结构更
有利于微生物附着。将3种碳源分别投加到脱氮池，研究其对低C/N污水反硝化的促进作用及出水
水质的影响。结果表明，PLA、玉米芯和碱处理玉米芯随着投加量的增加均能有效提升自然复氧生
物滤池工艺的TN去除效果，且各处理阶段的C/N有所提高，出水COD和TN浓度均可达标。从成本
方面考虑，玉米芯作为外加固体缓释碳源在农村地区的低碳氮比污水处理中更具有应用前景。
关键词： 固体缓释碳源； 玉米芯； 反硝化； 低碳氮比； 释碳能力
中图分类号：TU992 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000 - 4602（2026）13 - 0063 - 06
Effect of Different Solid Slow‑release Carbon Sources on Nitrogen Removal
from Low Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Wastewater
Li Rongji
1
， Nie Zhengxin
2
， Cao Xian
1
， Li Xianning
1
（1. School of Energy and Environment， Southeast University， Nanjing 210096， China；
2. Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp.， Nanjing 210096， China）
Abstract： To improve the poor biodegradability caused by a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in
wastewater, this study investigated the carbon release capacity and denitrification performance of
polylactic acid (PLA) particles, corn cob, and alkali‑treated corn cob as solid slow‑release carbon sources.
The average COD release rates of the three carbon sources were 0.22 mg/(g·d), 1.18 mg/(g·d) and 1.40
mg/(g·d), respectively, and their nitrate nitrogen removal rates reached 37.0%, 74.4%, and 88.4%,
respectively. Three‑dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis
revealed two distinct fluorescence peaks for both corn cob and alkali‑treated corn cob in the range of 280-
360 nm, with the alkali‑treated group exhibiting higher fluorescence intensity, indicating a stronger
organic matter release capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the surface
structure of alkali‑treated corn cob was more favorable for microbial attachment. The three carbon sources
were respectively added to the denitrification tank to investigate their promoting effects on denitrification
of low C/N wastewater and their impact on effluent quality. The results showed that with increasing
DOI：10. 19853/j. zgjsps. 1000-4602. 2026. 13. 009
基金项目：国家自然科学基金资助项目（52570235）
通信作者：曹羡 E-mail：caoxian@seu.edu.cn
·63·第 42 卷 第 13 期
中 国 给 水 排 水
www. cnww1985. com
dosage, PLA, corn cob, and alkali‑treated corn cob all effectively enhanced the TN removal efficiency of
the natural aeration biofilter process. The C/N ratio at each treatment stage improved, and the effluent
concentrations of COD and TN both met the discharge standards. Considering cost factors, corn cob has
greater application prospects as an external solid slow‑release carbon source for the treatment of low C/N
ratio wastewater in rural areas.
Keywords： solid slow‑release carbon source; corn cob; denitrification; low carbon-to
nitrogen ratio; carbon release capacity
农村生活污水具有排放量大、污染物复杂、污
染源分散、氮磷含量较高等特点。一些地区基础设
施建设不到位，污水收集管网不健全，大多采用雨
污合流的方式收集污水，从而导致污水存在低碳氮
比的问题，不能满足生物脱氮的要求。针对此问
题，外加碳源被确定为一种有效方法。与传统的液
体碳源相比，固体缓释碳源具有显著优势，既能有
效释放可利用的有机物，又可为微生物提供附着载
体，从而增强污水处理效果。
固体缓释碳源以天然植物纤维素及人工合成
高聚物为主，其中，PLA（聚乳酸）作为一种人工合成
高聚物，具有长期稳定的释碳能力，并且能够作为
生物膜的载体，是一种有效的缓释碳源［1］ 。然而其
释碳量相对较低，化学成分单一，而且价格较高，限
制了其广泛应用。相比之下，玉米芯作为天然纤维
素类固体碳源则展现出更为显著的优势，其无生物
毒性，具有较大的比表面积，在反硝化过程中既能
作为外加碳源又可充当生物膜载体［2］ 。此外，天然
纤维素主要来源于农副产品，资源丰富且成本低
廉，将其作为外加碳源不仅能够提升脱氮效能，还
可实现废弃物的资源化。为了提高天然纤维素的
生物利用率，研究者们开发了多种预处理技术，如
将玉米芯进行碱处理，能增强天然纤维素的可利用
性，从而进一步提高其在污水处理中的应用效果［3］ 。
目前，关于缓释碳源对生物滤池工艺脱氮效果
的影响研究较少。因此本文选取 PLA颗粒、玉米芯
和碱处理玉米芯作为缓释碳源，分别考察 3 种碳源
的释碳能力、反硝化效果，以及对自然复氧生物滤
池处理低碳氮比农村生活污水效果的影响，以期为
农村生活污水处理中外加碳源的选择提供参考。
[1]李容基,聂正鑫,曹羡,等.不同固体缓释碳源对低碳氮比污水脱氮效果的影响[J].中国给水排水,2026,42(13):63-68.
LiRongji,NieZhengxin,CaoXian,et al.Effect of Different Solid Slow-release Carbon Sources on Nitrogen Removal from Low Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Wastewater[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(13):63-68.
不同固体缓释碳源对低碳氮比污水脱氮效果的影响
中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第42卷 期数: 2026年第13期 页码: 63-68 栏目: 出版日期: 2026-07-01
- Title:
- Effect of Different Solid Slow-release Carbon Sources on Nitrogen Removal from Low Carbon-to-Nitrogen Ratio Wastewater
- 作者:
- 李容基1， 聂正鑫2， 曹羡1， 李先宁1
- （1.东南大学 能源与环境学院，江苏 南京 210096；2.江苏环保产业技术研究院股份公司，江苏 南京 210096）
- Author(s):
- Li Rongji1， Nie Zhengxin2， Cao Xian1， Li Xianning1
- （1. School of Energy and Environment， Southeast University， Nanjing 210096， China； 2. Jiangsu Academy of Environmental Industry and Technology Corp.， Nanjing 210096， China）
- Keywords:
- solid slow-release carbon source; corn cob; denitrification; low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio; carbon release capacity
- 摘要:
- 为改善污水低碳氮比（C/N）导致的可生化性差问题，研究了聚乳酸（PLA）颗粒、玉米芯和碱处理玉米芯作为固体缓释碳源的释碳能力和反硝化效果。3种碳源的平均COD释放率分别为0.22、1.18和1.40 mg/（g·d），对硝态氮的去除率分别可达到37.0%、74.4%和88.4%。三维荧光光谱分析表明，玉米芯和碱处理玉米芯在280~360 nm处有两个明显的荧光峰，且碱处理组的荧光强度更高，说明碱处理玉米芯的有机物释放能力更强。扫描电镜结果显示，碱处理玉米芯的表面结构更有利于微生物附着。将3种碳源分别投加到脱氮池，研究其对低C/N污水反硝化的促进作用及出水水质的影响。结果表明，PLA、玉米芯和碱处理玉米芯随着投加量的增加均能有效提升自然复氧生物滤池工艺的TN去除效果，且各处理阶段的C/N有所提高，出水COD和TN浓度均可达标。从成本方面考虑，玉米芯作为外加固体缓释碳源在农村地区的低碳氮比污水处理中更具有应用前景。
- Abstract:
- To improve the poor biodegradability caused by a low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio in wastewater, this study investigated the carbon release capacity and denitrification performance of polylactic acid (PLA) particles, corn cob, and alkali-treated corn cob as solid slow-release carbon sources. The average COD release rates of the three carbon sources were 0.22 mg/(g·d), 1.18 mg/(g·d) and 1.40 mg/(g·d), respectively, and their nitrate nitrogen removal rates reached 37.0%, 74.4%, and 88.4%, respectively. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis revealed two distinct fluorescence peaks for both corn cob and alkali-treated corn cob in the range of 280-360 nm, with the alkali-treated group exhibiting higher fluorescence intensity, indicating a stronger organic matter release capacity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the surface structure of alkali-treated corn cob was more favorable for microbial attachment. The three carbon sources were respectively added to the denitrification tank to investigate their promoting effects on denitrification of low C/N wastewater and their impact on effluent quality. The results showed that with increasing dosage, PLA, corn cob, and alkali-treated corn cob all effectively enhanced the TN removal efficiency of the natural aeration biofilter process. The C/N ratio at each treatment stage improved, and the effluent concentrations of COD and TN both met the discharge standards. Considering cost factors, corn cob has greater application prospects as an external solid slow-release carbon source for the treatment of low C/N ratio wastewater in rural areas.
相似文献/References:
[1]章厚林,罗忠武,周蜜,等.玉米芯/PHB包覆缓释复合碳源强化生物脱氮性能[J].中国给水排水,2026,42(7):51.
ZHANGHoulin,LUOZhongwu,ZHOUMi,et al.Investigation on Enhanced Denitrification Performance of a Slow-release Composite Carbon Source Embedded with Corncob/PHB[J].China Water & Wastewater,2026,42(13):51.
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-07-01
