基于系统分析的污泥太阳能干化效率提升研究
吴文庆，梅晓洁，方 宁，郭亚丽
（上海勘测设计研究院有限公司）
基于系统分析的污泥太阳能干化效率提升研究
吴文庆， 梅晓洁， 方 宁， 郭亚丽
（上海勘测设计研究院有限公司，上海 200434）
摘 要： 结合具体工程实践，基于热质守恒定律对江淮地区某太阳能干化厂温室大棚的理想
蒸发量进行了理论分析，考虑了玻璃透过率、通风量等因素对干化能力的影响，提出了太阳能干化
系统效率提升的有效改进措施。结果表明，该厂温室大棚的全年平均理想蒸发量为设计值的52%，
平均相对热效率为65%，平均绝对热效率为36%。系统分析显示，太阳能干化技术具有明显的季节
性特征，冬季理想蒸发量仅相当于全年理想蒸发量的10%。理想蒸发量低于设计值的主要原因是
温室大棚存在玻璃透过率低、对外对流散热损失和排气热损失等问题。其中，玻璃透过率和有效通
风量是最主要的因素。建议定期维护温室大棚，保证太阳辐射透过率和实际有效通风量，确保稳定
达到设计蒸发量。
关键词： 太阳能； 污泥干化； 理想蒸发量； 干化效率
中图分类号：TU992 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000 - 4602（2025）21 - 0024 - 07
Enhancing Efficiency of Sludge Solar Drying through Systematic Analysis
（Shanghai Investigation WU Wen‑qing ， ， Design & Research Institute Co MEI Xiao‑jie， FANG . Ltd Ning .， Shanghai ， GUO 200434 Ya‑li ， China）
Abstract： A theoretical analysis was conducted on the ideal evaporation capacity within the
greenhouse of a solar drying facility in the Jianghuai region based on specific engineering practices and
the principles of heat and mass conservation. The effects of key factors such as glass transmittance and
ventilation volume on drying performance were systematically evaluated, and targeted improvement
strategies to enhance the overall efficiency of the solar drying system were proposed. The annual average
ideal evaporation capacity of the greenhouse in this facility amounted to 52% of the designed capacity,
with an average relative thermal efficiency of 65% and an average absolute thermal efficiency of 36%.
The analysis indicated that solar drying technology exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with the ideal
evaporation capacity during winter accounting for approximately 10% of the annual total ideal
evaporation. The primary reason for the ideal evaporation capacity being lower than the design value was
attributed to several issues in the greenhouse system, including reduced glass transmittance, heat loss due
to external convection, and heat loss associated with exhaust ventilation. Among these factors, glass
transmittance and effective ventilation volume were the most influential. It is recommended to conduct
regular maintenance of the greenhouse to ensure optimal solar radiation transmittance, maintain the
intended effective ventilation volume, and achieve stable attainment of the designed evaporation capacity.
Key words： solar energy; sludge drying; ideal evaporation capacity; drying efficiency
DOI：10. 19853/j. zgjsps. 1000-4602. 2025. 21. 004
基金项目：上海勘测设计研究院有限公司科标业项目（2023HJ（83）-008）
通信作者：梅晓洁 E-mail：mei_xiaojie@ctg.com.cn
·24·吴文庆，等：基于系统分析的污泥太阳能干化效率提升研究
第 41 卷 第 21 期
www. cnww1985. com
污泥太阳能干化技术是一种低温热干化技术，
通过利用温室大棚收集太阳能，对放置其中的污泥
进行加热干化［1-3］ 。与其他类型污泥脱水方式相比，
污泥太阳能干化技术能耗相对较低，有利于降碳减
排。然而这种工艺受太阳辐射和环境温度、湿度等
因素的影响，其干化能力波动幅度较大［4］ ，部分时段
可能面临干化能力不足的问题。因此，在日常运行
中，温室大棚的实际干化能力备受关注。Sorrenti
等［5］利用太阳能产生高温空气对污泥进行曝气干
化，其改进的温室大棚处理能力可达 8. 0 kg/（m
2
·
d），不过客观上处理 1 t 污泥增加了约 450 kW∙h 的
能耗。在宁夏地区实际温室大棚污泥干化项目中，
夏季最高的水分蒸发速率为 10. 7 kg/（m
2
·d）［6］ 。以
上研究大多是通过现场监测得出部分时段的蒸发
数据，但是这些数据难以用于计算当地全年的平均
干化能力，因此需要建立一套完整的数学模型，从
理论上开展相关分析。
污泥太阳能干化技术的相关研究中提出了许
多影响污泥干化速率的因素，比如温度、湿度、风速
和太阳辐射强度等［7-9］ 。由于诸如辐射强度、气温等
因素难以调节，所以目前有关温室大棚的研究多涉
及通风量，比如向轶等人［7］ 的研究结果显示，对于无
强制通风的封闭型温室，其干化效率明显低于敞口
式，其原因是通风不足导致温室内部湿度过高。
Masmoudi等［10］ 进一步强调了通风的重要性，只有强
制通风的温室干化效率才会更高。
以江淮地区某污泥太阳能干化项目为例，其设
计蒸发量为 3. 7 kg/（m
2
·d），通过历年数据计算可
知，实际蒸发量仅为 1. 25 kg/（m
2
·d）。为了剖析蒸
发量差异产生的原因，笔者从系统分析的角度，基
于热质守恒定律，对该厂的理想蒸发量进行了理论
计算，并研究了太阳能干化系统效率的影响因素，
讨论了棚体与环境的对流换热系数、玻璃透过率与
发射率等结构参数和排气温度、通风量等因素对蒸
发量的影响，并提出了切实有效的改进措施。
1 模型构建与监测方法
温室大棚的模型如图1所示。太阳辐射经过顶
层玻璃的反射和吸收，部分进入温室大棚内。顶棚
和侧壁吸收热量后温度升高，向内、向外进行辐射
散热与对流换热。底部敷设的污泥一方面通过热
传导对地散热，一方面吸收热量用于水分蒸发。外
部的干冷空气经过温室大棚后吸收热量升温并混
合蒸发的水蒸气，形成的湿热空气被风机排出温室
大棚。
[1]吴文庆,梅晓洁,方宁,等.基于系统分析的污泥太阳能干化效率提升研究[J].中国给水排水,2025,41(21):24-30.
WUWen-qing,MEIXiao-jie,FANGNing,et al.Enhancing Efficiency of Sludge Solar Drying through Systematic Analysis[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(21):24-30.
基于系统分析的污泥太阳能干化效率提升研究
中国给水排水[ISSN:1000-4062/CN:12-1073/TU] 卷: 第41卷 期数: 2025年第21期 页码: 24-30 栏目: 出版日期: 2025-11-01
- Title:
- Enhancing Efficiency of Sludge Solar Drying through Systematic Analysis
- 作者:
- 吴文庆， 梅晓洁， 方宁， 郭亚丽
- （上海勘测设计研究院有限公司，上海 200434）
- Author(s):
- WU Wen-qing， MEI Xiao-jie， FANG Ning， GUO Ya-li
- （Shanghai Investigation， Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd.， Shanghai 200434， China）
- 摘要:
- 结合具体工程实践，基于热质守恒定律对江淮地区某太阳能干化厂温室大棚的理想蒸发量进行了理论分析，考虑了玻璃透过率、通风量等因素对干化能力的影响，提出了太阳能干化系统效率提升的有效改进措施。结果表明，该厂温室大棚的全年平均理想蒸发量为设计值的52%，平均相对热效率为65%，平均绝对热效率为36%。系统分析显示，太阳能干化技术具有明显的季节性特征，冬季理想蒸发量仅相当于全年理想蒸发量的10%。理想蒸发量低于设计值的主要原因是温室大棚存在玻璃透过率低、对外对流散热损失和排气热损失等问题。其中，玻璃透过率和有效通风量是最主要的因素。建议定期维护温室大棚，保证太阳辐射透过率和实际有效通风量，确保稳定达到设计蒸发量。
- Abstract:
- A theoretical analysis was conducted on the ideal evaporation capacity within the greenhouse of a solar drying facility in the Jianghuai region based on specific engineering practices and the principles of heat and mass conservation. The effects of key factors such as glass transmittance and ventilation volume on drying performance were systematically evaluated, and targeted improvement strategies to enhance the overall efficiency of the solar drying system were proposed. The annual average ideal evaporation capacity of the greenhouse in this facility amounted to 52% of the designed capacity, with an average relative thermal efficiency of 65% and an average absolute thermal efficiency of 36%. The analysis indicated that solar drying technology exhibited distinct seasonal variations, with the ideal evaporation capacity during winter accounting for approximately 10% of the annual total ideal evaporation. The primary reason for the ideal evaporation capacity being lower than the design value was attributed to several issues in the greenhouse system, including reduced glass transmittance, heat loss due to external convection, and heat loss associated with exhaust ventilation. Among these factors, glass transmittance and effective ventilation volume were the most influential. It is recommended to conduct regular maintenance of the greenhouse to ensure optimal solar radiation transmittance, maintain the intended effective ventilation volume, and achieve stable attainment of the designed evaporation capacity.
相似文献/References:
[1]张冬凌.白龙港污水厂污泥流化床干化系统设计与研究[J].中国给水排水,2022,38(16):71.
ZHANGDong-ling.Design and Study of Fluidized Bed Sludge Drying System in Bailonggang Wastewater Treatment Plant[J].China Water & Wastewater,2022,38(21):71.
[2]沈煜,陈四川,费学宁,等.太阳能加湿除湿浓盐水淡化技术研究进展[J].中国给水排水,2023,39(6):18.
SHENYu,CHENSi-chuan,FEIXue-ning,et al.Research Progress of Solar Humidification and Dehumidification of Brackish Water Desalination Technology[J].China Water & Wastewater,2023,39(21):18.
[3]吴燕芳,谭颖诗,郑欣栩,等.曝气流化水钠锰矿耦合浸没式陶瓷超滤膜除锰[J].中国给水排水,2024,40(5):1.
WUYan-fang,TANYing-shi,ZHENGXin-xu,et al.Aeration of Fluidized Birnessite Coupling Immersion Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membrane for Manganese Removal from Groundwater[J].China Water & Wastewater,2024,40(21):1.
[4]刘波,廖竞萌,郭韵,等.成都市污水污泥处理处置现状及对策探讨[J].中国给水排水,2025,41(4):9.
LIUBo,LIAOJing-meng,GUOYun,et al.Analysis of Current Status and Countermeasures for Sewage Sludge Management in Chengdu[J].China Water & Wastewater,2025,41(21):9.
更新日期/Last Update: 2025-11-01
