邵志刚1 古凌艳2 曾龙云1 俞磊3 宋育哲4
（1.深圳市环水启航水质净化有限公司，深圳，518030；2.深圳市利源水务设计咨询有限公司，深圳，508030；3.深圳市深水福永水质净化有限公司，深圳，508030；4.深圳市固戍水质净化有限公司，深圳，508030）
摘要：深圳A、B两座水质净化厂分别采用低温冷凝干化和低温真空干化两种热干化技术来满足深圳市将污泥含水率降至40%以下的要求，其中A厂采用“板框脱水+低温冷凝干化”两段式工艺，B厂采用“水源热泵+低温真空干化”工艺。本文统计了两套设施电耗、药耗、设备故障、设备维修费及综合运维成本等，比较结果表明，两种技术均能稳定产出含水率≤40%的泥饼；低温真空干化技术在能源利用效率和环境友好等方面具有优势，但单位药耗和设备维修费较高，耗材更换频繁，导致综合运行成本较高；低温冷凝干化技术在药耗、设备维修费和综合运行成本等方面具备优势，但是单位电耗随着运行时间的延续增长较快，且尚需在粉尘和臭气控制方面进行提升，避免外溢造成环境问题。
关键词：污泥；低温冷凝干化技术；低温真空干化技术；运行成本；
Comparison of the Application of Two Low-Temperature Sludge Drying Technologies in Shenzhen Water Purification Plants
Shao Zhi-gang1, Gu Ling-yan2 Zeng Long-yun1 Yu Lei3, Song Yu-zhe4,
（1.Shenzhen Huanshuiqihang Wastewater Treatment CO.,LTD, Shenzhen 518030; 2.Shenzhen Liyuan Water Design&Consulting Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518030; 3.Shenzhen Shenshuifuyong Wastewater Treatment CO.,LTD, Shenzhen 518030; 4.Shenzhen Gushu Wastewater Treatment CO.,LTD, Shenzhen 518030;）
Abstract: The Shenzhen Water Purification Plants A and B adopt low-temperature condensation drying and low-temperature vacuum drying respectively, two thermal drying technologies, to meet Shenzhen’s requirement of reducing sludge moisture content to below 40%. Plant A uses a two-stage process of “plate-and-frame pressure filtration + low-temperature condensation drying”, while Plant B employs a process of “water source heat pump + low-temperature vacuum dewatering and drying”.This paper statistically analyzes the power consumption, chemical consumption, equipment failures, maintenance costs and overall operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of the two facilities. The comparison shows that both technologies can stably produce sludge cake with a moisture content of ≤40%. Low-temperature vacuum drying features advantages in energy efficiency and environmental friendliness, yet it incurs higher unit chemical consumption and equipment maintenance costs, along with frequent consumable replacement, resulting in higher overall operating costs. In contrast, low-temperature condensation drying is superior in terms of chemical consumption, equipment maintenance costs and overall operating costs. However, its unit power consumption rises rapidly with prolonged operation, and improvements are still needed in dust and odor control to prevent environmental problems caused by emissions.
Key words: Sludge; Low-temperature Condensation DryingTechnology; Low-temperature Vacuum Dewatering and Drying Technology; O&M Cost;
随着我国经济的不断发展，污水处理量和污水处理率均直线上升。根据中国住房和城乡建设部2024年城市建设统计年鉴，自1991年起，污水处理量由445355万立方米逐步提高至2024年的6782816万立方米，污水处理率也从14.86%上升至98.93%[1]，污水处理量的显著增加也导致污泥产生量不断增加。截止2024年，水质净化厂的干污泥产生量为1279.8万吨，其中深圳市水质净化厂的干污泥产生量为49.74万吨，占广东省干污泥产生量的32.73%。深圳是经济大市，同时也是环境容量小市，对于市政污泥的处理，深圳市深入推进“无废城市”建设，制定《水质净化厂深度脱水改造实施方案》，配套出台《深圳市水质净化厂污泥深度脱水技术指引》，提出全市污泥就地兼容稳定至含水率40%以下、泥不出市等要求，以解决深圳市污泥长期依赖异地处置风险高的问题[2-3]。要将泥饼含水率降至40%以下，单靠离心脱水、板框脱水等传统污泥脱水工艺是难以实现的，需配置污泥干化设备。
